{ "name": "German C2 Core Vocab", "front_language": "German", "back_language": "English", "cards": [ { "front": "der Stein des Anstoßes", "back": "bone of contention", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 1, "example_front": "Die Steuer ist der Stein des Anstoßes.", "example_back": "The tax is the bone of contention." }, { "front": "das Gebot der Stunde", "back": "the need of the hour", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 2, "example_front": "Zusammenhalt ist das Gebot der Stunde.", "example_back": "Unity is the need of the hour." }, { "front": "das Spannungsfeld", "back": "area of tension", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 3, "example_front": "Das Buch bewegt sich im Spannungsfeld von Kunst und Politik.", "example_back": "The book moves between the poles of art and politics." }, { "front": "redlich", "back": "honest / upright", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 4, "example_front": "Er hat sich redlich bemüht.", "example_back": "He made an honest effort." }, { "front": "verschleiern", "back": "to conceal / to veil", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 5, "example_front": "Die Firma verschleierte ihre Verluste.", "example_back": "The firm concealed its losses." }, { "front": "relativieren", "back": "to qualify / to put into perspective", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 6, "example_front": "Er relativierte seine Aussage später.", "example_back": "He later qualified his statement." }, { "front": "die Häme", "back": "malicious glee", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 7, "example_front": "Die Niederlage wurde mit Häme kommentiert.", "example_back": "The defeat was met with malicious glee." }, { "front": "die Ressentiments", "back": "resentments / prejudices", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 8, "example_front": "Die Partei schürt Ressentiments.", "example_back": "The party stirs up resentment." }, { "front": "die Abschottung", "back": "isolation / sealing off", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 9, "example_front": "Die Abschottung der Märkte schadet allen.", "example_back": "Sealing off markets harms everyone." }, { "front": "die Muße", "back": "leisure / idleness (positive)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 10, "example_front": "Für Lektüre fehlt ihm die Muße.", "example_back": "He lacks the leisure for reading." }, { "front": "das Ansinnen", "back": "request / demand (unreasonable)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 11, "example_front": "Er wies das Ansinnen entschieden zurück.", "example_back": "He firmly rejected the demand." }, { "front": "die Bevormundung", "back": "paternalism / tutelage", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 12, "example_front": "Viele empfinden das Verbot als Bevormundung.", "example_back": "Many see the ban as paternalism." }, { "front": "die Brisanz", "back": "explosiveness / urgency (of an issue)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 13, "example_front": "Das Thema hat politische Brisanz.", "example_back": "The issue is politically explosive." }, { "front": "die Zwickmühle", "back": "dilemma / bind", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "abstract" ], "word_frequency": 14, "example_front": "Die Regierung steckt in einer Zwickmühle.", "example_back": "The government is in a bind." }, { "front": "akribisch", "back": "meticulous", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 15, "example_front": "Sie hat die Quellen akribisch geprüft.", "example_back": "She checked the sources meticulously." }, { "front": "dezidiert", "back": "decided / emphatic", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 16, "example_front": "Sie vertritt eine dezidierte Meinung.", "example_back": "She holds an emphatic opinion." }, { "front": "die Zäsur", "back": "caesura / watershed", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 17, "example_front": "1989 markiert eine Zäsur.", "example_back": "1989 marks a watershed." }, { "front": "die Vetternwirtschaft", "back": "nepotism / cronyism", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 18, "example_front": "Der Bericht prangert Vetternwirtschaft an.", "example_back": "The report denounces cronyism." }, { "front": "scheinheilig", "back": "hypocritical", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 19, "example_front": "Seine Empörung ist scheinheilig.", "example_back": "His indignation is hypocritical." }, { "front": "die Quintessenz", "back": "quintessence / essence", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 20, "example_front": "Die Quintessenz des Buches ist einfach.", "example_back": "The essence of the book is simple." }, { "front": "die Verklärung", "back": "glorification / idealization", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 21, "example_front": "Die Verklärung der Vergangenheit ist gefährlich.", "example_back": "Glorifying the past is dangerous." }, { "front": "die Geisteshaltung", "back": "mindset / mentality", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 22, "example_front": "Das ist eine Frage der Geisteshaltung.", "example_back": "It's a question of mindset." }, { "front": "die Hybris", "back": "hubris", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 23, "example_front": "Seine Hybris führte zum Untergang.", "example_back": "His hubris led to his downfall." }, { "front": "der Euphemismus", "back": "euphemism", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 24, "example_front": "\"Freisetzung\" ist ein Euphemismus für Entlassung.", "example_back": "\"Release\" is a euphemism for dismissal." }, { "front": "vereiteln", "back": "to foil / to thwart", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 25, "example_front": "Die Polizei vereitelte den Anschlag.", "example_back": "The police foiled the attack." }, { "front": "unverblümt", "back": "blunt / plain-spoken", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 26, "example_front": "Sie sagte ihm unverblümt die Meinung.", "example_back": "She told him bluntly what she thought." }, { "front": "der Duktus", "back": "style / tone (of writing)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "arts" ], "word_frequency": 27, "example_front": "Der Duktus des Briefes ist förmlich.", "example_back": "The letter's tone is formal." }, { "front": "das Gebaren", "back": "conduct / behavior (often negative)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "business" ], "word_frequency": 28, "example_front": "Das Geschäftsgebaren der Bank wird untersucht.", "example_back": "The bank's business conduct is under investigation." }, { "front": "beschwichtigen", "back": "to appease / to placate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 29, "example_front": "Der Minister versuchte, die Kritiker zu beschwichtigen.", "example_back": "The minister tried to placate his critics." }, { "front": "die Anmaßung", "back": "presumption / arrogance", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 30, "example_front": "Es ist eine Anmaßung, für alle zu sprechen.", "example_back": "It's presumptuous to speak for everyone." }, { "front": "lapidar", "back": "terse / succinct", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 31, "example_front": "Seine Antwort war lapidar: \"Nein.\"", "example_back": "His answer was terse: \"No.\"" }, { "front": "eklatant", "back": "glaring / flagrant", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 32, "example_front": "Das ist ein eklatanter Verstoß gegen die Regeln.", "example_back": "That's a flagrant breach of the rules." }, { "front": "die Hermeneutik", "back": "hermeneutics", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 33, "example_front": "Gadamers Hermeneutik prägt die Debatte.", "example_back": "Gadamer's hermeneutics shapes the debate." }, { "front": "das Unwort", "back": "taboo word / ugly term", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 34, "example_front": "\"Remigration\" wurde zum Unwort des Jahres.", "example_back": "\"Remigration\" was named the ugliest term of the year." }, { "front": "das Pamphlet", "back": "polemical tract", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 35, "example_front": "Er veröffentlichte ein Pamphlet gegen die Regierung.", "example_back": "He published a polemic against the government." }, { "front": "die Pfründe", "back": "sinecure / perk", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 36, "example_front": "Er klammert sich an seine Pfründe.", "example_back": "He clings to his perks." }, { "front": "frönen", "back": "to indulge in", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 37, "example_front": "Er frönt dem Müßiggang.", "example_back": "He indulges in idleness." }, { "front": "die Befindlichkeit", "back": "sensitivity / state of mind", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 38, "example_front": "Man muss auf regionale Befindlichkeiten Rücksicht nehmen.", "example_back": "Regional sensitivities must be taken into account." }, { "front": "die Gratwanderung", "back": "tightrope walk / balancing act", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 39, "example_front": "Die Diplomatie ist eine Gratwanderung.", "example_back": "Diplomacy is a balancing act." }, { "front": "die Aufweichung", "back": "watering down / softening", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 40, "example_front": "Kritiker fürchten eine Aufweichung der Standards.", "example_back": "Critics fear a watering down of standards." }, { "front": "dröge", "back": "dull / dry", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 41, "example_front": "Der Vortrag war ziemlich dröge.", "example_back": "The lecture was pretty dull." }, { "front": "tendenziös", "back": "tendentious / biased", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 42, "example_front": "Der Artikel ist tendenziös.", "example_back": "The article is biased." }, { "front": "der Topos", "back": "topos / commonplace", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 43, "example_front": "Die Reise ist ein klassischer Topos.", "example_back": "The journey is a classic topos." }, { "front": "die Quadratur des Kreises", "back": "squaring the circle", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 44, "example_front": "Das ist die Quadratur des Kreises.", "example_back": "That's squaring the circle." }, { "front": "die Selbstgefälligkeit", "back": "smugness / complacency", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 45, "example_front": "Seine Selbstgefälligkeit ist kaum zu ertragen.", "example_back": "His smugness is hard to bear." }, { "front": "schnöde", "back": "base / contemptible / mere", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 46, "example_front": "Es ging ihm nur um schnöden Profit.", "example_back": "He was only after mere profit." }, { "front": "das Geplänkel", "back": "skirmish / banter", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 47, "example_front": "Das war nur parteipolitisches Geplänkel.", "example_back": "That was just party-political skirmishing." }, { "front": "anprangern", "back": "to denounce / to pillory", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 48, "example_front": "Die Zeitung prangert die Missstände an.", "example_back": "The newspaper denounces the abuses." }, { "front": "erschleichen", "back": "to obtain by fraud / to wangle", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 49, "example_front": "Er hat sich die Rente erschlichen.", "example_back": "He obtained his pension fraudulently." }, { "front": "ausloten", "back": "to sound out / to explore", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 50, "example_front": "Die Diplomaten loten Kompromisse aus.", "example_back": "The diplomats are sounding out compromises." }, { "front": "skandieren", "back": "to chant", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 51, "example_front": "Die Demonstranten skandierten Parolen.", "example_back": "The demonstrators chanted slogans." }, { "front": "die Vorverurteilung", "back": "prejudgment", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 52, "example_front": "Die Medien betreiben Vorverurteilung.", "example_back": "The media are prejudging the case." }, { "front": "bieder", "back": "staid / conventional", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 53, "example_front": "Die Inszenierung wirkt bieder.", "example_back": "The production seems staid." }, { "front": "gediegen", "back": "high-quality / tasteful", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "arts" ], "word_frequency": 54, "example_front": "Das Hotel ist gediegen eingerichtet.", "example_back": "The hotel is tastefully furnished." }, { "front": "sich echauffieren", "back": "to get worked up", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 55, "example_front": "Er echauffiert sich über jede Kleinigkeit.", "example_back": "He gets worked up over every little thing." }, { "front": "die Zwangsjacke", "back": "straitjacket", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 56, "example_front": "Die Schuldenbremse wirkt wie eine Zwangsjacke.", "example_back": "The debt brake acts like a straitjacket." }, { "front": "abstrus", "back": "abstruse", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 57, "example_front": "Das ist eine abstruse Theorie.", "example_back": "That's an abstruse theory." }, { "front": "verunglimpfen", "back": "to disparage / to vilify", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 58, "example_front": "Er wurde wegen Verunglimpfung des Staates angeklagt.", "example_back": "He was charged with vilifying the state." }, { "front": "torpedieren", "back": "to torpedo / to sabotage", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 59, "example_front": "Die Opposition torpedierte den Plan.", "example_back": "The opposition torpedoed the plan." }, { "front": "vorgaukeln", "back": "to delude / to feign", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 60, "example_front": "Er gaukelt uns Sicherheit vor.", "example_back": "He's giving us a false sense of security." }, { "front": "das Bauernopfer", "back": "sacrificial pawn / scapegoat", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 61, "example_front": "Der Staatssekretär war nur ein Bauernopfer.", "example_back": "The state secretary was just a scapegoat." }, { "front": "stoisch", "back": "stoic", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 62, "example_front": "Er ertrug die Kritik stoisch.", "example_back": "He bore the criticism stoically." }, { "front": "die Unzulänglichkeit", "back": "inadequacy / shortcoming", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 63, "example_front": "Er räumt die Unzulänglichkeiten der Studie ein.", "example_back": "He admits the study's shortcomings." }, { "front": "der Bärendienst", "back": "disservice (einen Bärendienst erweisen)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 64, "example_front": "Damit hat er der Sache einen Bärendienst erwiesen.", "example_back": "He did the cause a disservice." }, { "front": "opportun", "back": "opportune / expedient", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 65, "example_front": "Es erscheint nicht opportun, jetzt zu klagen.", "example_back": "It doesn't seem expedient to sue now." }, { "front": "postulieren", "back": "to postulate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 66, "example_front": "Der Autor postuliert ein neues Modell.", "example_back": "The author postulates a new model." }, { "front": "süffisant", "back": "smug / complacent", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 67, "example_front": "Er grinste süffisant.", "example_back": "He grinned smugly." }, { "front": "die Bredouille", "back": "predicament / fix", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 68, "example_front": "Jetzt sitzen wir in der Bredouille.", "example_back": "Now we're in a fix." }, { "front": "die Chuzpe", "back": "chutzpah / audacity", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 69, "example_front": "Er hatte die Chuzpe, mehr Geld zu verlangen.", "example_back": "He had the chutzpah to ask for more money." }, { "front": "zaudern", "back": "to hesitate / to dither", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 70, "example_front": "Ohne zu zaudern, griff er ein.", "example_back": "Without hesitating, he intervened." }, { "front": "die Gemengelage", "back": "tangled situation / mix", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 71, "example_front": "Es herrscht eine schwierige Gemengelage.", "example_back": "It's a tangled situation." }, { "front": "das Strohfeuer", "back": "flash in the pan", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "business" ], "word_frequency": 72, "example_front": "Der Boom war nur ein Strohfeuer.", "example_back": "The boom was just a flash in the pan." }, { "front": "der Mumpitz", "back": "nonsense / rubbish", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 73, "example_front": "Das ist doch Mumpitz!", "example_back": "That's rubbish!" }, { "front": "zerknirscht", "back": "contrite", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 74, "example_front": "Zerknirscht bat er um Verzeihung.", "example_back": "Contrite, he asked for forgiveness." }, { "front": "inhärent", "back": "inherent", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 75, "example_front": "Das Risiko ist dem System inhärent.", "example_back": "The risk is inherent in the system." }, { "front": "unterminieren", "back": "to undermine", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 76, "example_front": "Fake News unterminieren das Vertrauen.", "example_back": "Fake news undermines trust." }, { "front": "stilisieren", "back": "to stylize / to portray as", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 77, "example_front": "Er wird zum Helden stilisiert.", "example_back": "He's being portrayed as a hero." }, { "front": "das Gezeter", "back": "nagging / clamor", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 78, "example_front": "Das ständige Gezeter nervt.", "example_back": "The constant clamor is annoying." }, { "front": "der Etikettenschwindel", "back": "false labeling / sham", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 79, "example_front": "Die Reform ist reiner Etikettenschwindel.", "example_back": "The reform is pure sham." }, { "front": "profan", "back": "profane / mundane", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 80, "example_front": "Das Kloster wird heute profan genutzt.", "example_back": "The monastery is now used for secular purposes." }, { "front": "die Abbitte", "back": "apology (Abbitte leisten)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 81, "example_front": "Er musste öffentlich Abbitte leisten.", "example_back": "He had to apologize publicly." }, { "front": "die Bigotterie", "back": "bigotry / sanctimony", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 82, "example_front": "Er entlarvt die Bigotterie der Kleinstadt.", "example_back": "He exposes small-town sanctimony." }, { "front": "omnipräsent", "back": "omnipresent", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 83, "example_front": "Das Thema ist in den Medien omnipräsent.", "example_back": "The topic is omnipresent in the media." }, { "front": "peripher", "back": "peripheral", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 84, "example_front": "Das ist für die Frage nur peripher relevant.", "example_back": "That's only peripherally relevant to the question." }, { "front": "die Volte", "back": "volte-face / U-turn", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 85, "example_front": "Die Volte des Ministers überraschte alle.", "example_back": "The minister's U-turn surprised everyone." }, { "front": "die Arglist", "back": "malice / deceit", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 86, "example_front": "Der Vertrag wurde wegen arglistiger Täuschung angefochten.", "example_back": "The contract was challenged for fraudulent misrepresentation." }, { "front": "gängeln", "back": "to patronize / to boss around", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 87, "example_front": "Bürger wollen nicht vom Staat gegängelt werden.", "example_back": "Citizens don't want to be patronized by the state." }, { "front": "das Ammenmärchen", "back": "old wives' tale", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 88, "example_front": "Das ist ein Ammenmärchen.", "example_back": "That's an old wives' tale." }, { "front": "fulminant", "back": "brilliant / spectacular", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "arts" ], "word_frequency": 89, "example_front": "Das Konzert war fulminant.", "example_back": "The concert was spectacular." }, { "front": "die Binsenweisheit", "back": "truism", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 90, "example_front": "Das ist eine Binsenweisheit.", "example_back": "That's a truism." }, { "front": "mannigfaltig", "back": "manifold / diverse", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 91, "example_front": "Die Gründe sind mannigfaltig.", "example_back": "The reasons are manifold." }, { "front": "der Dünkel", "back": "conceit / snobbery", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 92, "example_front": "Er blickt mit akademischem Dünkel auf andere herab.", "example_back": "He looks down on others with academic snobbery." }, { "front": "hofieren", "back": "to court / to pay court to", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 93, "example_front": "Investoren werden hofiert.", "example_back": "Investors are being courted." }, { "front": "lancieren", "back": "to launch / to plant (a story)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 94, "example_front": "Das Ministerium lancierte die Meldung gezielt.", "example_back": "The ministry deliberately planted the story." }, { "front": "kleinkariert", "back": "petty / small-minded", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 95, "example_front": "Diese Regel ist kleinkariert.", "example_back": "This rule is petty." }, { "front": "das Hickhack", "back": "squabbling", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 96, "example_front": "Das Hickhack in der Koalition schadet allen.", "example_back": "The coalition squabbling harms everyone." }, { "front": "fadenscheinig", "back": "flimsy / threadbare (excuse)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 97, "example_front": "Das ist eine fadenscheinige Ausrede.", "example_back": "That's a flimsy excuse." }, { "front": "der Rekurs", "back": "recourse / reference", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 98, "example_front": "Der Autor nimmt Rekurs auf Kant.", "example_back": "The author makes reference to Kant." }, { "front": "sich anbiedern", "back": "to curry favor / to ingratiate oneself", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 99, "example_front": "Er biedert sich bei den Wählern an.", "example_back": "He's currying favor with voters." }, { "front": "hintergründig", "back": "cryptic / subtle (humor)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "arts" ], "word_frequency": 100, "example_front": "Er hat einen hintergründigen Humor.", "example_back": "He has a subtle sense of humor." }, { "front": "pikiert", "back": "piqued / offended", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 101, "example_front": "Sie reagierte pikiert auf die Bemerkung.", "example_back": "She was piqued by the remark." }, { "front": "der Leumund", "back": "reputation", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 102, "example_front": "Der Angeklagte hat einen guten Leumund.", "example_back": "The defendant has a good reputation." }, { "front": "virulent", "back": "virulent / acute", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 103, "example_front": "Das Problem wird zunehmend virulent.", "example_back": "The problem is becoming increasingly acute." }, { "front": "die Pattsituation", "back": "stalemate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 104, "example_front": "Die Verhandlungen enden in einer Pattsituation.", "example_back": "The negotiations end in stalemate." }, { "front": "die Gretchenfrage", "back": "the crucial question", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 105, "example_front": "Die Gretchenfrage lautet: Wer zahlt?", "example_back": "The crucial question is: who pays?" }, { "front": "der Hemmschuh", "back": "hindrance / drag", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "business" ], "word_frequency": 106, "example_front": "Bürokratie ist ein Hemmschuh für Gründer.", "example_back": "Bureaucracy is a drag on founders." }, { "front": "erbaulich", "back": "edifying / uplifting", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 107, "example_front": "Die Nachrichten sind nicht gerade erbaulich.", "example_back": "The news isn't exactly uplifting." }, { "front": "hanebüchen", "back": "outrageous / absurd", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 108, "example_front": "Das ist hanebüchener Unsinn.", "example_back": "That's outrageous nonsense." }, { "front": "die Unverfrorenheit", "back": "brazenness / effrontery", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 109, "example_front": "Mit welcher Unverfrorenheit er lügt!", "example_back": "The brazenness with which he lies!" }, { "front": "anrüchig", "back": "disreputable / dubious", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 110, "example_front": "Er hat anrüchige Geschäftspartner.", "example_back": "He has dubious business partners." }, { "front": "die Schönfärberei", "back": "whitewashing / sugarcoating", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 111, "example_front": "Der Bericht ist reine Schönfärberei.", "example_back": "The report is pure whitewash." }, { "front": "monieren", "back": "to criticize / to complain about", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "business" ], "word_frequency": 112, "example_front": "Der Prüfer monierte fehlende Belege.", "example_back": "The auditor complained about missing receipts." }, { "front": "borniert", "back": "narrow-minded / pig-headed", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 113, "example_front": "Sei nicht so borniert!", "example_back": "Don't be so narrow-minded!" }, { "front": "die Borniertheit", "back": "narrow-mindedness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 114, "example_front": "Seine Borniertheit macht jede Diskussion unmöglich.", "example_back": "His narrow-mindedness makes any discussion impossible." }, { "front": "schrullig", "back": "quirky / cranky", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 115, "example_front": "Sie hat eine schrullige Tante.", "example_back": "She has a quirky aunt." }, { "front": "die Gepflogenheit", "back": "custom / practice", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 116, "example_front": "Das entspricht den diplomatischen Gepflogenheiten.", "example_back": "That accords with diplomatic practice." }, { "front": "jovial", "back": "jovial / genial", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 117, "example_front": "Der Chef gab sich jovial.", "example_back": "The boss acted genial." }, { "front": "die Stringenz", "back": "stringency / rigor", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 118, "example_front": "Der Arbeit fehlt methodische Stringenz.", "example_back": "The paper lacks methodological rigor." }, { "front": "konterkarieren", "back": "to counteract / to undermine", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 119, "example_front": "Das neue Gesetz konterkariert die Klimaziele.", "example_back": "The new law undermines the climate targets." }, { "front": "obsiegen", "back": "to prevail / to win (a case)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 120, "example_front": "Die Klägerin hat vor Gericht obsiegt.", "example_back": "The plaintiff prevailed in court." }, { "front": "die Kakophonie", "back": "cacophony", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 121, "example_front": "In der Koalition herrscht Kakophonie.", "example_back": "There's cacophony in the coalition." }, { "front": "obskur", "back": "obscure / dubious", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 122, "example_front": "Er bezieht sich auf obskure Quellen.", "example_back": "He refers to dubious sources." }, { "front": "hehr", "back": "noble / lofty", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 123, "example_front": "Hehre Ziele allein reichen nicht.", "example_back": "Lofty goals alone are not enough." }, { "front": "schwadronieren", "back": "to blather / to hold forth", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 124, "example_front": "Er schwadroniert über Dinge, von denen er nichts versteht.", "example_back": "He holds forth on things he knows nothing about." }, { "front": "zerreden", "back": "to talk to death", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 125, "example_front": "Das Projekt wurde in Ausschüssen zerredet.", "example_back": "The project was talked to death in committees." }, { "front": "die Spitzfindigkeit", "back": "hair-splitting / sophistry", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 126, "example_front": "Das sind juristische Spitzfindigkeiten.", "example_back": "Those are legal hair-splittings." }, { "front": "lavieren", "back": "to maneuver / to equivocate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 127, "example_front": "Der Kanzler laviert zwischen den Lagern.", "example_back": "The chancellor maneuvers between the camps." }, { "front": "das Lavieren", "back": "maneuvering / equivocation", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 128, "example_front": "Sein Lavieren kostet Vertrauen.", "example_back": "His equivocation costs trust." }, { "front": "reüssieren", "back": "to succeed", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "business" ], "word_frequency": 129, "example_front": "Sie reüssierte als Unternehmerin.", "example_back": "She succeeded as an entrepreneur." }, { "front": "die Hinhaltetaktik", "back": "stalling tactics", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 130, "example_front": "Die Verwaltung betreibt eine Hinhaltetaktik.", "example_back": "The administration is using stalling tactics." }, { "front": "der Kotau", "back": "kowtow (einen Kotau machen)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 131, "example_front": "Er machte einen Kotau vor dem Diktator.", "example_back": "He kowtowed to the dictator." }, { "front": "die Ausflucht", "back": "excuse / evasion", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 132, "example_front": "Er sucht immer Ausflüchte.", "example_back": "He's always looking for excuses." }, { "front": "der Pyrrhussieg", "back": "Pyrrhic victory", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 133, "example_front": "Das Urteil war ein Pyrrhussieg.", "example_back": "The ruling was a Pyrrhic victory." }, { "front": "der Popanz", "back": "bogeyman / straw man", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 134, "example_front": "Er baut einen Popanz auf, um ihn zu bekämpfen.", "example_back": "He sets up a straw man to attack." }, { "front": "die Geschwätzigkeit", "back": "talkativeness / garrulousness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 135, "example_front": "Seine Geschwätzigkeit nervt die Kollegen.", "example_back": "His garrulousness annoys colleagues." }, { "front": "nivellieren", "back": "to level out / to flatten", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 136, "example_front": "Die Globalisierung nivelliert kulturelle Unterschiede.", "example_back": "Globalization flattens cultural differences." }, { "front": "brüskieren", "back": "to snub / to affront", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 137, "example_front": "Mit der Absage brüskierte er den Gastgeber.", "example_back": "By cancelling he snubbed the host." }, { "front": "die Nabelschau", "back": "navel-gazing", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 138, "example_front": "Die Debatte verkommt zur Nabelschau.", "example_back": "The debate is degenerating into navel-gazing." }, { "front": "goutieren", "back": "to appreciate / to approve of", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 139, "example_front": "Das Publikum goutierte die Pointe nicht.", "example_back": "The audience didn't appreciate the punchline." }, { "front": "die Erbsenzählerei", "back": "nitpicking / bean-counting", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 140, "example_front": "Lass die Erbsenzählerei, es geht ums Prinzip.", "example_back": "Stop the nitpicking, it's about principle." }, { "front": "blasiert", "back": "blasé / supercilious", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 141, "example_front": "Er lächelte blasiert.", "example_back": "He smiled superciliously." }, { "front": "vertrackt", "back": "tricky / intricate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "abstract" ], "word_frequency": 142, "example_front": "Die Lage ist vertrackt.", "example_back": "The situation is tricky." }, { "front": "diffamierend", "back": "defamatory", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 143, "example_front": "Die Aussagen waren diffamierend.", "example_back": "The statements were defamatory." }, { "front": "der Wankelmut", "back": "fickleness / vacillation", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 144, "example_front": "Sein Wankelmut verunsichert die Partner.", "example_back": "His vacillation unsettles his partners." }, { "front": "die Nonchalance", "back": "nonchalance", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 145, "example_front": "Mit großer Nonchalance überging sie die Frage.", "example_back": "She skipped the question with great nonchalance." }, { "front": "die Zerknirschung", "back": "contrition / remorse", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 146, "example_front": "Er zeigte keinerlei Zerknirschung.", "example_back": "He showed no remorse whatsoever." }, { "front": "die Begehrlichkeit", "back": "covetousness / demand (for funds)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 147, "example_front": "Der Überschuss weckt Begehrlichkeiten.", "example_back": "The surplus arouses covetousness." }, { "front": "hintertreiben", "back": "to thwart / to sabotage (covertly)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 148, "example_front": "Sie hintertrieben die Reform jahrelang.", "example_back": "They covertly thwarted the reform for years." }, { "front": "sich mokieren", "back": "to sneer / to mock", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 149, "example_front": "Sie mokiert sich über seinen Akzent.", "example_back": "She sneers at his accent." }, { "front": "die Ideologisierung", "back": "ideologization", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 150, "example_front": "Er warnt vor einer Ideologisierung der Debatte.", "example_back": "He warns against ideologizing the debate." }, { "front": "die Sinnstiftung", "back": "creation of meaning", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 151, "example_front": "Religion dient der Sinnstiftung.", "example_back": "Religion serves to create meaning." }, { "front": "ominös", "back": "ominous / mysterious", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 152, "example_front": "Ein ominöser Brief tauchte auf.", "example_back": "An ominous letter turned up." }, { "front": "beflissen", "back": "eager / zealous", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 153, "example_front": "Ein beflissener Mitarbeiter brachte sofort Kaffee.", "example_back": "An eager employee brought coffee immediately." }, { "front": "der Schlingerkurs", "back": "erratic course / zigzagging", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 154, "example_front": "Der Schlingerkurs der Regierung verwirrt.", "example_back": "The government's zigzagging is confusing." }, { "front": "die Sisyphusarbeit", "back": "Sisyphean task", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 155, "example_front": "Das Aufräumen ist eine Sisyphusarbeit.", "example_back": "Tidying up is a Sisyphean task." }, { "front": "die Lauterkeit", "back": "integrity / sincerity", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 156, "example_front": "An der Lauterkeit seiner Absichten zweifelt niemand.", "example_back": "No one doubts the sincerity of his intentions." }, { "front": "das Desiderat", "back": "desideratum / gap (in research)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 157, "example_front": "Eine Biografie bleibt ein Desiderat.", "example_back": "A biography remains a desideratum." }, { "front": "die Obrigkeitshörigkeit", "back": "deference to authority", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 158, "example_front": "Der Historiker kritisiert die Obrigkeitshörigkeit jener Zeit.", "example_back": "The historian criticizes that era's deference to authority." }, { "front": "pejorativ", "back": "pejorative", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 159, "example_front": "Der Begriff wird pejorativ verwendet.", "example_back": "The term is used pejoratively." }, { "front": "insinuieren", "back": "to insinuate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 160, "example_front": "Wollen Sie insinuieren, ich hätte gelogen?", "example_back": "Are you insinuating I lied?" }, { "front": "die Impertinenz", "back": "impertinence", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 161, "example_front": "Was für eine Impertinenz!", "example_back": "What impertinence!" }, { "front": "die Folgerichtigkeit", "back": "logical consistency", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 162, "example_front": "Der Argumentation fehlt Folgerichtigkeit.", "example_back": "The argument lacks logical consistency." }, { "front": "weitschweifig", "back": "long-winded", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 163, "example_front": "Er antwortete weitschweifig.", "example_back": "He answered long-windedly." }, { "front": "die Behäbigkeit", "back": "ponderousness / sluggishness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "business" ], "word_frequency": 164, "example_front": "Die Behäbigkeit der Verwaltung bremst Reformen.", "example_back": "The administration's sluggishness slows reforms." }, { "front": "die Wehleidigkeit", "back": "self-pity / soppiness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 165, "example_front": "Seine Wehleidigkeit geht allen auf die Nerven.", "example_back": "His self-pity gets on everyone's nerves." }, { "front": "sekundieren", "back": "to back up / to second", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 166, "example_front": "Die Ministerin sekundierte dem Kanzler.", "example_back": "The minister backed up the chancellor." }, { "front": "apodiktisch", "back": "apodictic / dogmatic", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "debate" ], "word_frequency": 167, "example_front": "Er formuliert seine Thesen apodiktisch.", "example_back": "He formulates his theses dogmatically." }, { "front": "desavouieren", "back": "to disavow / to repudiate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 168, "example_front": "Die Parteispitze desavouierte den Sprecher.", "example_back": "The party leadership disavowed the spokesman." }, { "front": "kauzig", "back": "quirky / eccentric", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 169, "example_front": "Der alte Professor ist etwas kauzig.", "example_back": "The old professor is somewhat eccentric." }, { "front": "vergällen", "back": "to spoil / to embitter", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 170, "example_front": "Der Streit vergällte ihm die Freude.", "example_back": "The quarrel spoiled his joy." }, { "front": "die Kungelei", "back": "backroom dealing / cronyism", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 171, "example_front": "Die Postenvergabe war reine Kungelei.", "example_back": "Filling the posts was pure cronyism." }, { "front": "der Augiasstall", "back": "Augean stables / mess", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 172, "example_front": "Die Behörde gleicht einem Augiasstall.", "example_back": "The agency is like the Augean stables." }, { "front": "düpieren", "back": "to dupe / to embarrass", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 173, "example_front": "Die Partei fühlt sich vom Kanzler düpiert.", "example_back": "The party feels the chancellor has made fools of them." }, { "front": "kolportieren", "back": "to spread (rumors) / to peddle", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 174, "example_front": "Die Presse kolportiert Gerüchte über eine Trennung.", "example_back": "The press is peddling rumors of a split." }, { "front": "perpetuieren", "back": "to perpetuate", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 175, "example_front": "Solche Bilder perpetuieren Klischees.", "example_back": "Such images perpetuate clichés." }, { "front": "die Verbrämung", "back": "embellishment / dressing-up", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 176, "example_front": "Ohne ideologische Verbrämung ist es schlicht Zensur.", "example_back": "Without ideological dressing-up, it's simply censorship." }, { "front": "die Larmoyanz", "back": "self-pity / whining", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 177, "example_front": "Die Larmoyanz des Romans stört viele Leser.", "example_back": "The novel's self-pity bothers many readers." }, { "front": "die Unbotmäßigkeit", "back": "insubordination", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 178, "example_front": "Er wurde wegen Unbotmäßigkeit entlassen.", "example_back": "He was dismissed for insubordination." }, { "front": "die Zögerlichkeit", "back": "hesitancy", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 179, "example_front": "Man wirft der Regierung Zögerlichkeit vor.", "example_back": "The government is accused of hesitancy." }, { "front": "bemänteln", "back": "to cover up / to gloss over", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 180, "example_front": "Er versuchte, seine Fehler zu bemänteln.", "example_back": "He tried to gloss over his mistakes." }, { "front": "der Winkelzug", "back": "ruse / dodge", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 181, "example_front": "Mit juristischen Winkelzügen verzögert er das Verfahren.", "example_back": "He delays the case with legal dodges." }, { "front": "die Kapriole", "back": "caper / antic", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 182, "example_front": "Die Kapriolen der Börse verunsichern Anleger.", "example_back": "The market's antics unsettle investors." }, { "front": "die Verschlimmbesserung", "back": "change that makes things worse", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 183, "example_front": "Das Update ist eine Verschlimmbesserung.", "example_back": "The update makes things worse." }, { "front": "die Halbherzigkeit", "back": "half-heartedness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 184, "example_front": "Die Halbherzigkeit der Reform enttäuscht.", "example_back": "The reform's half-heartedness disappoints." }, { "front": "larmoyant", "back": "maudlin / self-pitying", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "arts" ], "word_frequency": 185, "example_front": "Der Film ist zu larmoyant.", "example_back": "The film is too maudlin." }, { "front": "tradieren", "back": "to hand down (tradition)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "culture" ], "word_frequency": 186, "example_front": "Die Lieder wurden mündlich tradiert.", "example_back": "The songs were handed down orally." }, { "front": "die Nestbeschmutzung", "back": "fouling one's own nest", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 187, "example_front": "Kritik wird als Nestbeschmutzung abgetan.", "example_back": "Criticism is dismissed as fouling one's own nest." }, { "front": "salbungsvoll", "back": "unctuous / sanctimonious", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 188, "example_front": "Er hielt eine salbungsvolle Rede.", "example_back": "He gave a sanctimonious speech." }, { "front": "verbrämen", "back": "to dress up / to embellish", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 189, "example_front": "Er verbrämt Eigennutz als Gemeinwohl.", "example_back": "He dresses up self-interest as the common good." }, { "front": "die Beflissenheit", "back": "zeal / eagerness to please", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 190, "example_front": "Seine Beflissenheit gegenüber dem Chef ist peinlich.", "example_back": "His eagerness to please the boss is embarrassing." }, { "front": "die Weitschweifigkeit", "back": "long-windedness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "rhetoric" ], "word_frequency": 191, "example_front": "Die Weitschweifigkeit des Vortrags ermüdete alle.", "example_back": "The talk's long-windedness tired everyone." }, { "front": "die Schnoddrigkeit", "back": "brashness / flippancy", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "register" ], "word_frequency": 192, "example_front": "Seine Schnoddrigkeit kommt nicht gut an.", "example_back": "His flippancy doesn't go down well." }, { "front": "kungeln", "back": "to make backroom deals", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 193, "example_front": "Die Parteien kungeln hinter verschlossenen Türen.", "example_back": "The parties make deals behind closed doors." }, { "front": "das Epigonentum", "back": "derivativeness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "arts" ], "word_frequency": 194, "example_front": "Seine Musik leidet an Epigonentum.", "example_back": "His music suffers from derivativeness." }, { "front": "die Gefallsucht", "back": "craving for approval", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "psychology" ], "word_frequency": 195, "example_front": "Ihre Gefallsucht ist offensichtlich.", "example_back": "Her craving for approval is obvious." }, { "front": "verballhornen", "back": "to garble / to mangle (a name, quote)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "media" ], "word_frequency": 196, "example_front": "Er hat das Zitat völlig verballhornt.", "example_back": "He completely mangled the quote." }, { "front": "die Trittbrettfahrerei", "back": "free-riding", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 197, "example_front": "Das Abkommen soll Trittbrettfahrerei verhindern.", "example_back": "The agreement aims to prevent free-riding." }, { "front": "verquast", "back": "convoluted / muddled (language)", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "academic" ], "word_frequency": 198, "example_front": "Der Text ist verquast und kaum lesbar.", "example_back": "The text is muddled and barely readable." }, { "front": "die Duckmäuserei", "back": "servility / timidity", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 199, "example_front": "Die Duckmäuserei der Beamten war erschreckend.", "example_back": "The officials' servility was alarming." }, { "front": "die Querulanz", "back": "litigiousness / querulousness", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 200, "example_front": "Das Gericht wies die Klage wegen Querulanz ab.", "example_back": "The court dismissed the suit as vexatious." }, { "front": "die Ranküne", "back": "rancor / grudge", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "literary" ], "word_frequency": 201, "example_front": "Er handelte aus Ranküne.", "example_back": "He acted out of rancor." }, { "front": "verklausulieren", "back": "to couch in legalese", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 202, "example_front": "Der Vertrag ist stark verklausuliert.", "example_back": "The contract is heavily couched in legalese." }, { "front": "die Konnivenz", "back": "connivance", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "law" ], "word_frequency": 203, "example_front": "Man wirft der Behörde Konnivenz vor.", "example_back": "The authority is accused of connivance." }, { "front": "die Pfründenwirtschaft", "back": "patronage system", "level": "C2", "tags": [ "politics" ], "word_frequency": 204, "example_front": "Die Pfründenwirtschaft lähmt die Verwaltung.", "example_back": "The patronage system paralyzes the administration." } ] }